Sources

Doyle, P., and M. R. Bennett. 1997. Military geography: Terrain evaluation and the British Western Front 1914-1918. Geographical Journal 163:1-24.

This article expresses the importance of terrain analysis when conducting ground operations during WWI. Peter Doyle and Matthew Bennett provide valuable insight on tactics deployed by the British during the German offensive within the Somme region as well as an overview of the geomorphology and geology of the region and the effects of military mining.

This article is of interest to me because it explains the geomorphology and geology of the region providing the background information to understanding the pre-war conditions. This article also contains helpful cross-section diagrams of the Western Front landscape that are relevant to my research.

 

Flamm, B. R., and J. H. Cravens. 1971. Effect of War Damage on Forest Resources of South-Vietnam. Journal of Forestry 69 (11):784-&.

This article explores the environmental consequences of warfare with regards to forest resources in South Vietnam. Warfare caused a considerable amount of damage to Vietnam's primary industrial practice. Flamm and Cravens surveyed multiple study areas within South Vietnam and recorded substantial evidence of forest destruction. These forested environments are essential for the protection of soils and watersheds.

 

Horne, Alistair. 1994. The Price of Glory, Verdun 1916. Penguin Books. Pg 388.

This text examines the Battle of Verdun in detail. It provided the background history for my study areas and gave me a better understanding of the breadth of this battle. This book was really well written and often left me in deep thought about the atrocious lives of soldiers on the Western Front.

 

Hupy, J. P., and R. J. Schaetzl. 2008. Soil development on the WWI battlefield of Verdun, France. Geoderma, doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.01.024

This article provides valuable insight for exploring my research questions.  Using their soils perspective, I can relate their findings to my ecological approach to battlefield recovery. The methods used are quantifiable and can be further examined using the data I collected on both the Theaumont platform as well as Fort Vaux.

Mosier, John. 2001. The Myth of the Great War, Perennial Press, New York.
This book provided much of the historical background associated with World War One. It was written mostly from a French perspective which offered a better understanding than the typical adulterated history tought in the United States K-12 education.

 

Pennington, J. C., and J. M. Brannon. 2002. Environmental fate of explosives. Thermochimica
          Acta 384 (1-2):163-172.
This article examines ground water contamination caused by explosive products and by-products. Over time unexploded ordnances erode, exposing explosive compounds to the environment. The ecological implications of these compounds is not discussed within the article; however, it is valuable in showing the lasting remnants of warfare.

The Verdun battlefield is riddled with unexploded ordnances (UXO's). If these UXO's are left on the battlefield or not disposed of properly there is a risk of soil and ground water contamination. Further research will be needed in determining the implications of such contamination.

Schaetzl, R., and Anderson, S., 2005. Soils Genesis and Geomorphology Cambridge       University Press 323-324, 469-514

This textbook provided a comprehensive guide to soil evolution which aided my research in explaining various concepts seen in my study area. The book offers a thorough review of the Catena concept; however, it lacks in its explanation of Runge's energy model.